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NASA našla spôsob ako odložiť vypínanie prístrojov na sonde Voyager 2 kvôli nedostatku energie

Značky: NASAvesmír

DSL.sk, 27.4.2023


Americká vesmírna agentúra NASA našla spôsob ako posunúť vypnutie prvého vedeckého prístroja na jej sonde Voyager 2, ku ktorému bude musieť pristúpiť kvôli znižujúcemu sa množstvu generovanej elektrickej energie.

Voyager 2 bol vypustený už v roku 1977 a ide o druhý najvzdialenejší objekt od Zeme vyrobený človekom po sonde Voyager 1. V novembri 2018 opustil Voyager 2 tzv. heliosféru a vstúpil tak do medzihviezdneho priestoru, v súčasnosti sa nachádza vo vzdialenosti viac ako 20 miliárd km od Zeme.

Na sondách Voyager je ako zdroj elektrickej energie použitý termoelektrický generátor. Pri štarte tieto zdroje generovali 470 Wattov elektrickej energie, ich výkon sa ale postupne znižuje, v predchádzajúcich rokoch strácali podľa dostupných informácií 4 Watty výkonu ročne a aký výkon poskytujú generátory v súčasnosti nie je jasné.

NASA už ale musela kvôli klesajúcemu množstvu elektrickej energie vypínať niektoré komponenty. Vedecké prístroje boli doteraz zapnuté, na Voyager 2 by pôvodne musela tento rok už pristúpiť ale k vypnutiu prvého z piatich vedeckých prístrojov.

NASA ale našla riešenie, ako toto vypnutie výrazne odložiť. Elektrický systém časť výkonu zdroja používal štandardne ako záložnú rezervu na reguláciu napätia, ak by prišlo k výkyvu napätia. NASA teraz začala na bežné napájanie systémov využívať aj elektrickú energiu z tejto rezervy, čo jej umožní odložiť vypnutie prvého vedeckého prístroja až na rok 2026.

Mechanizmus záložnej regulácia napätia má okrem iného chrániť prístroje, ktoré môžu byť poškodené veľkým výkyvom v napätí. Elektrický systém je ale podľa NASA relatívne stabilný a potreba pre takúto reguláciu je minimálna. NASA bude ale napätie monitorovať a zakročí ak bude napätie príliš kolísať. Zmena bola nasadená už pred niekoľkými týždňami a podľa NASA zatiaľ tento prístup funguje.

Na Voyager 1 sa zatiaľ k vypínaniu vedeckých prístrojov nemusí pristupovať, keď jeden z vedeckých prístrojov je nefunkčný a nepoužíva sa.

Okrem množstva generovanej elektrickej energie je ďalším obmedzeným zdrojom na sondách Voyager palivo trysiek pre ich natáčanie, hydrazín. Natáčanie je potrebné kvôli natáčaniu antény smerom na Zem. NASA v predchádzajúcich rokoch nasadila riešenie aj na šetrenie tohto zdroja, keď na Voyager 1 začala na natáčanie používať efektívnejšie trysky pôvodné určené na korekciu trajektórie.

Aktuálne oznámenie neinformuje, kedy NASA v súčasnosti predpokladá ukončenie životnosti Voyagerov kvôli nedostatku elektrickej energie a kedy predpokladá minutie paliva pre natáčanie.


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Diskusia:
                               
 

Waw! Vyzerá, že nejaký vedec z NASA namiesto publikovania vizionárskeho článku o obrovských úspechoch v renomovanom odbornom časopise otvoril učebnicu druhého ročníka elektrotechnickej priemyslovky. Zvihne niekto z ESA hodenú rukavicu?
Odpovedať Známka: -0.4 Hodnotiť:
 

Esa sa ale momentalne priekazne pozera na odhodenu cinsku sandalu a netusi, co s nou ma vobec robit...
Odpovedať Známka: 7.9 Hodnotiť:
 

Rešpekt k práci inžinierov za to, že zariadenie vypustené do vesmíru v roku 1977 stále funguje!
Asi nie je veľa zariadení na Zemi čo vkuse idú 50 rokov a to nehovorím o extrémnom prostredí kde sa pohybuje tá sonda.
Odpovedať Známka: 8.8 Hodnotiť:
 

Pretoze vtedy sa este robil inziniering, nikto sa nikam neponahlal (i ked zaiste boli vizie a terminy). Kiez by v ich pocinani nasiel inspiraciu tvorivy lud - hlavne ti co robia softver, t.j. lePici kodu - ved hlavne ze je manazment spokojny a pride vyplata/fakturisko :D
Odpovedať Známka: 6.0 Hodnotiť:
 

Ale no, netrep. Priemerný kóder je síce určite oveľa horší a menej schopný než vtedy, ale to je dané čisto tým, ako veľmi narástli ich počty. Vesmírny HW a SW sa dnes robí na rovnakej alebo aj vyššej úrovni... keď už pre nič iné, máme o 50 rokov skúseností viac.
Odpovedať Známka: 10.0 Hodnotiť:
 

Vesmirny program je vyssej urovni? Tak mi vymenuj kolko misii bolo na mesiaci za poslednych 15 rokov. 0.0000 nic... Tak netaraj hluposti.
Odpovedať Známka: -8.0 Hodnotiť:
 

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_lunar_probes

tu mas a malo ich teda nie je..a to sa bavime len o Mesiaci, este je tu Webb, skumanie Jupitera, Marsu, New Horizon nedavno na Plute, a kopec dalsich sond a misii

ale jasne, nic sa nerobi a nikam sme sa nepohli vsakze?
Odpovedať Známka: 10.0 Hodnotiť:
 

Otazka bola, kolko misii na mesiac s ludskou posadkou este bolo za poslednych co ja viem 30 rokov? Poslat niekam sondu dokaze priemerna krajina, ved aj Slovensko malo svoj satelit. Sice z Aliexpressu, aj ked nam tvrdili, ze to bol original a stalo to miliony.
Odpovedať Hodnotiť:
 

To som síce nepovedal, ale áno, je a výrazne. Posielať ľudí do vesmíru je aj tak dosť zbytočné, roboty väčšinu úkonov zvládajú lepšie a ani jesť nepýtajú. A myslím si, že umelá inteligencia spraví v najbližších desaťročiach rádovo väčšie pokroky než raketové pohony alebo life support systémy.
Odpovedať Hodnotiť:
 

Desí ma ten prívlastok že "umelá" To už tomu nemohli dať technickejší názov? Napríklad počítačová? Umelá je hmota.
Odpovedať Hodnotiť:
 

žiadna hmota nie je umelá :-)
Odpovedať Hodnotiť:
 

Zem je plocha a skutocnosti voyager lieta okolo severky. Staci sa poriadne zahladiet.
Odpovedať Známka: 0.0 Hodnotiť:
 

Ako obieha, keď severka je tiež priekazne plochá?
Odpovedať Známka: 10.0 Hodnotiť:
 

Sa len tak toci dookola na kruznici.
Odpovedať Známka: 10.0 Hodnotiť:
 

Samozrejme, pretoze v 80tych rokov pre NASA pracovali naozaj inzieri. Nie ako dneska, ked moze projekt manazera robit absolvent socialnej prace (real story). Stale hovorim, ze stat by mal takychto absolventov povinne nahnat do tovarni, budovat cesty, pomahat na poliach a podobne. Naco ti je politolog? Okrem zbytocnosti nic nevie, nic nespravi, akurat spamuje diskusie na SME svojimi liberalnymi nazormi. Dva roky v baniach Handlova by im dobre padli.
Odpovedať Známka: -3.3 Hodnotiť:
 

ak je sikovny a schopny, tak je jedno ci absolvoval socialnu pracu alebo banicku akademiu :)

inak teda humanitne odbory su uzitocne, i ked v niektorych oblastiach je absolventov priekazne nadbytocne vela.

zatial mi pride ze v technickych smeroch ludstvo spravilo daleko vacsi pokrok nez v humanitnych (staci sa pozriet ako sa k sebe navzajom spravame) a tam je teda imho potrebneho daleko viac usilia.

taky politolog by imho mal pomoct tomu aby spolocnost rozumela politike. a potom by sme mozno nevolili na spravu veci verejnych ludi akych volime :-/
Odpovedať Hodnotiť:
 

Som rad ze na skole nezalezi, a staci odhodlanie. Chcem robit operatora na novospustenom bloku v mochovciach. Ak by ma nahodou nechceli zobrat, mam kamaratov v mimovladkach tak to dame cez diskriminaciu.
Odpovedať Hodnotiť:
 

Vzdialenost 20 miliard km ma nabehane priekazne kazde druhe zanovne auto z Nemecka po dochodcovi.
Odpovedať Známka: 8.9 Hodnotiť:
 

tých 20 mld je pred stočením ?
Odpovedať Známka: 10.0 Hodnotiť:
 

Aspoň Voyager nesedí celý deň za počítačom.
Odpovedať Známka: 8.7 Hodnotiť:
 

Neviete či aj na Voyageri 2 zražela energia ako na SK?
Odpovedať Známka: -5.0 Hodnotiť:
 

kladné náboje zdraželi, záporné zlacneli :D
Odpovedať Známka: 10.0 Hodnotiť:
 

NASA by mala co najskor najst sposob ako vsetky tieto sondy poslat naspat, alebo znicit a nie davat do vesmiru vediet, ze sme tu - podradna, technologicky zaostala rasa...
Odpovedať Známka: -6.7 Hodnotiť:
 

ale kým sem doletia predátori budeme zase pokročilejší ako dnes, takze predátori budú zaskocení a prehrajú
Odpovedať Známka: 10.0 Hodnotiť:
 

Uvedomuješ si, že tie sondy sú "nadohľad" od Zeme? Civilizácie čo si pozrú cestu k nám na zlatej platni nás budú brať ako raritu vo vesmíre.
Odpovedať Hodnotiť:
 

Presne to chceme, aby si mysleli. Šak by nám cestou valašky otupäli, keby sme ich museli naháňať po priekazne celom vesmíre.
Odpovedať Známka: 3.3 Hodnotiť:
 

Leti to desiatky rokov v kuse, preco nepouzvaju rovnake palivo aj auta, lietadla, kamiony ? ... Vyzera, ze technologiu na to mame... Tazba ropy by mhla byt minimalna :)
Odpovedať Známka: -10.0 Hodnotiť:
 

Vo vákuu keď už letíš tak letíš lebo nemáš odpor vzduchu. Na zrýchlenie alebo spomalenie potrebuješ minúť palivo.
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