Veľká Británia vyznamenala tvorcov GPS, v čase keď hľadá svoj navigačný systém

Značky: Veľká BritániaGPSGalileo

DSL.sk, 1.3.2019

Vedeckú cenu Kráľovnej Alžbety za inžinierstvo za rok 2019 získala štvorica Američanov, ktorá sa podstatnou mierou pričinila o vznik a podobu GPS, prvého globálneho satelitného navigačného systému.

Bradford Parkinson ako plukovník americkej armády viedol projekt vývoja GPS, James Spilker navrhoval podobu navigačného rádiového signálu, Hugo Freuhauf zmenšil atómové hodiny aby mohli byť prítomné na satelitoch a Richard Schwartz prispel návrhom satelitov odolných radiácii.

GPS po viacerých čiastkových projektoch s limitovanými vlastnosťami začal vznikať vo svojej nasadenej podobe v roku 1973 a prvý satelit bol vypustený na orbitu už v roku 1978.

GPS rovnako ako ostatné satelitné navigačné systémy fungujú na základnom princípe zistenia vzdialeností respektíve rozdielov vzdialeností prijímača od viacerých navigačných satelitov, teda variácii tzv. trilaterácie, pomocou zistenia doby letu elektromagnetického signálu zo satelitov. Keďže polohy satelitov v každom čase sú známe, to umožňuje vypočítať absolútnu polohu prijímača.

Vzhľadom na vysokú rýchlosť svetla musia mať veľmi vysokú presnosť samozrejme aj dáta o dobe letu a pre najvyššiu presnosť sa používa detekcia fázy prijatého relatívne pomalého modulačného navigačného signálu aj detekcia fázy nosného signálu.

Cena Kráľovnej Alžbety za inžinierstvo bola tvorcom GPS udelená v čase, keď má Veľká Británia problém s navigačnými systémami. S jej opustením Európskej únie jej EÚ nemá dovoliť využívať okrem iného šifrované služby PRS, Public Regulated Service, použiteľné okrem iného na armádne účely a napríklad naďalej zapnuté v prípade kríz a vypnutia štandardných voľne dostupných navigačných signálov.

Galileo tak nebude pre Britániu plnohodnotným navigačným systémom na všetky účely a krajina hľadá inú alternatívu. V lete minulého roka krajina uskutočnila prvé kroky smerom k prípadnému vytvoreniu vlastného satelitného navigačného systému, keď oznámila financovanie 92 miliónov libier predovšetkým na štúdiu realizovateľnosti takéhoto vlastného systému.




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